developers.home-assistant/docs/voice/pipelines/index.md

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---
title: "Assist Pipelines"
---
The [Assist pipeline](https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/assist_pipeline) integration runs the common steps of a voice assistant:
1. Speech to text
2. Intent recognition
3. Text to speech
Pipelines are run via a WebSocket API:
```json
{
"type": "assist_pipeline/run",
"start_stage": "stt",
"end_stage": "tts",
"input": {
"sample_rate": 16000,
}
}
```
The following input fields are available:
| Name | Type | Description |
|-------------------|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `start_stage` | enum | Required. The first stage to run. One of `stt`, `intent`, `tts`. |
| `end_stage` | enum | Required. The last stage to run. One of `stt`, `intent`, `tts`. |
| `input` | dict | Depends on `start_stage`. For STT, the dictionary should contain a key `sample_rate` with an integer value. For intent and TTS, the key `text` should contain the input text.
| `pipeline` | string | Optional. ID of the pipeline (use `assist_pipeline/pipeline/list` to get names). |
| `conversation_id` | string | Optional. [Unique id for conversation](/docs/intent_conversation_api#conversation-id). |
| `timeout` | number | Optional. Number of seconds before pipeline times out (default: 30). |
## Events
As the pipeline runs, it emits events back over the WebSocket connection.
The following events can be emitted:
| Name | Description | Emitted | Attributes |
|-----------------|-----------------------------|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `run-start` | Start of pipeline run | always | `pipeline` - ID of the pipeline<br />`language` - Language used for pipeline<br />`runner_data` - Extra WebSocket data: <ul><li>`stt_binary_handler_id` is the prefix to send speech data over.</li><li>`timeout` is the max run time for the whole pipeline.</li></ul> |
| `run-end` | End of pipeline run | always | |
| `stt-start` | Start of speech to text | audio only | `engine`: STT engine used<br />`metadata`: incoming audio metadata |
| `stt-vad-start` | Start of voice command | audio only | `timestamp`: milliseconds after the start of the audio stream |
| `stt-vad-end` | End of voice command | audio only | `timestamp`: milliseconds after the start of the audio stream |
| `stt-end` | End of speech to text | audio only | `stt_output` - Object with `text`, the detected text. |
| `intent-start` | Start of intent recognition | always | `engine` - [Agent](/docs/intent_conversation_api) engine used<br />`language`: Processing language. <br /> `intent_input` - Input text to agent |
| `intent-end` | End of intent recognition | always | `intent_output` - [conversation response](/docs/intent_conversation_api#conversation-response) |
| `tts-start` | Start of text to speech | audio only | `engine` - TTS engine used<br />`language`: Output language.<br />`voice`: Output voice. <br />`tts_input`: Text to speak. |
| `tts-end` | End of text to speech | audio only | `media_id` - Media Source ID of the generated audio<br />`url` - URL to the generated audio<br />`mime_type` - MIME type of the generated audio<br /> |
| `error` | Error in pipeline | On error | `code` - Error code<br />`message` - Error message |
## Sending speech data
After starting a pipeline with `stt` as the first stage of the run and receiving a `stt-start` event, speech data can be sent over the WebSocket connection as binary data. Audio should be sent as soon as it is available, with each chunk prefixed with a byte for the `stt_binary_handler_id`.
For example, if `stt_binary_handler_id` is `1` and the audio chunk is `a1b2c3`, the message would be (in hex):
```
01a1b2c3
```
To indicate the end of sending speech data, send a binary message containing a single byte with the `stt_binary_handler_id`.