56 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
56 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# USB drive boot
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## The easy way
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* As per [Glanzmann's notes](https://tg.st/u/asahi.txt) fetch a debian bullseye rootfs under MacOS and dd it directly into a newly created nvme partition.
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## The harder way
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* This is done on another Linux machine - uses debian bullseye
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### Build your rootfs
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* [build your own](https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/arm64/apds03.html.en)
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```
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mkdir debinst
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sudo debootstrap --arch arm64 --foreign bullseye debinst http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian/
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sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static debinst/usr/bin
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```
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* Login via a chroot to a bash prompt:`sudo LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot debinst qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash`
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* Then complete the 2nd stage `/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage`
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* While your there install any other packages you want: `apt install file screenfetch procps`
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* For ssh install an ssh server `apt install openssh-server`
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* Allow root login via ssh by setting `PermitRootLogin yes` via `vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config`
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* Most important set the root password `passwd`
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### Install rootfs onto USB drive
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* Plug in your USB drive and create a partition with fdisk (assumes drive is /dev/sdb) `sudo fdisk /dev/sdb`
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* Format partition (assumes it's the first one) `sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1`
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* Mount the drive some where like /mnt/img `sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/img`
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* Install the rootfs you created above onto the drive `sudo cp -a debinst/. /mnt/img`
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* Unmount the drive `sudo umount /mnt/img`
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### Boot with USB drive as root
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* Back to [booting over USB cable](SW-Linux.md#running-linux-via-usb-cable)
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* Make sure you have the latest m1n1.macho loaded `python3 proxyclient/tools/chainload.py build/m1n1.macho`
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* Build a kernel with builtin features (check for =m and change to =y in .config)
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* In particular need CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y is needed to boot!
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* Try this [Asahi linux snapshot](https://github.com/amworsley/AsahiLinux/tree/asahi-kbd) and this [config](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/amworsley/asahi-wiki/main/images/config-keyboard+nvme)
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* Then boot the gzipp'ed image with the USB drive. I had to plug the drive in the 2nd USB type-C port on the MBA (MacBook Air) through a Type-C to USB-Type A HUB.
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* Be-aware when I plugged in a lower speed USB device (keyboard) it reset the HUB and corrupted my USB drive. So don't use a keyboard, a Type-A to Type-C dongle worked fine
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* Over the USB cable load the new kernel and boot with the USB drive as the root filesystem:
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```
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python3 proxyclient/tools/linux.py -b 'earlycon console=tty0 console=tty0 debug net.ifnames=0 rw root=/dev/sda1 rootdelay=5 rootfstype=ext4' Image.gz t8103-j313.dtb
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```
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* The root filesystem is in first partition of the drive (/dev/sda1) and it's a MBA (t8103-j313.dtb)
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* If your booting something different check the .dts file in **arch/arm64/boot/dts/apple/** by looking at the value of the **model** field
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### Install rootfs in the nvme
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* Under MacOS you need to create some free space as per [Glanzmann's notes](https://tg.st/u/asahi.txt)
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* Be very careful you know exactly what partition you specify this is just an **example** your numbers may vary
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* make space - the last number is the space that macos will occupy `diskutil apfs resizeContainer disk0s2 200GB`
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* List the partitions and see where the free space now lies `diskutil list`
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* Allocate a FAT32 partition for your linux rootfs on the NVME from the free space
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* **NOTE** you have to specify the partition **before** the free space `diskutil addPartition disk0s3 FAT32 LB 42.6GB`
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* Boot with the USB ext4 USB drive as root (as above)
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* Use fdisk to confirm which partition is the new FAT32 one (it should have the size you created above too) `fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1`
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* Once you have confirmed it format it to ext4 `mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4`
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* Mount it `mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt`
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* Copy your USB drive rootfs into it as before `cp -ax /. /mnt`
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* I believe the -x should prevent the recursive descent into the new filesystem on the nvme
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* Unmount it `umount /mnt`
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* Then try booting via the USB cable with your new root filesystem on the nvme
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```
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python3 proxyclient/tools/linux.py -b 'earlycon console=tty0 console=tty0 debug net.ifnames=0 rw root=/dev/nvme0n1p6 rootfstype=ext4' Image.gz t8103-j313.dtb
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