mirror of https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo.git
360 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
360 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
Troubleshooting tips and FAQ for Sudo
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=====================================
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#### When I run configure, it says "C compiler cannot create executables".
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> This usually means you either don't have a working compiler. This
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> could be due to the lack of a license or that some component of the
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> compiler suite could not be found. Check config.log for clues as
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> to why this is happening. On many systems, compiler components live
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> in /usr/ccs/bin which may not be in your PATH environment variable.
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#### When I run configure, it says "sudo requires the 'ar' utility to build".
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> As part of the build process, sudo creates a temporary library
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> containing objects that are shared amongst the different sudo
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> executables. On Unix systems, the 'ar' utility is used to do this.
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> This error indicates that 'ar' is missing on your system. On Solaris
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> systems, you may need to install the SUNWbtool package. On other
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> systems 'ar' may be included in the GNU binutils package.
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#### Sudo compiles and installs successfully but when I try to run it I get:
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The "no new privileges" flag is set, which prevents sudo from
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running as root. If sudo is running in a container, you may
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need to adjust the container configuration to disable the flag.
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> Sudo was run by a process that has the Linux "no new privileges"
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> flag set. This causes the set-user-ID bit to be ignored when running
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> an executable, which will prevent sudo from functioning. The most
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> likely cause for this is running sudo within a container that sets
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> this flag. Check the documentation to see if it is possible to
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> configure the container such that the flag is not set.
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#### Sudo compiles and installs successfully but when I try to run it I get:
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/usr/local/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set
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> Sudo must be set-user-ID root to do its work. Either `/usr/local/bin/sudo`
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> is not owned by user-ID 0 or the set-user-ID bit is not set. This should
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> have been done for you by `make install` but you can fix it manually by
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> running the following as root:
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chown root /usr/local/bin/sudo; chmod 4755 /usr/local/bin/sudo
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#### Sudo compiles and installs successfully but when I try to run it I get:
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effective uid is not 0, is /usr/local/bin/sudo on a file system with the
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'nosuid' option set or an NFS file system without root privileges?
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> The owner and permissions on the sudo binary appear to be OK but when
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> sudo ran, the set-user-ID bit did not have an effect. There are two
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> common causes for this. The first is that the file system the sudo
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> binary is located on is mounted with the 'nosuid' mount option, which
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> disables set-user-ID binaries. The output of the 'mount' command should
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> tell you if the file system is mounted with the 'nosuid' option. The
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> other possible cause is that sudo is installed on an NFS-mounted file
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> system that is exported without root privileges. By default, NFS file
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> systems are exported with user-ID 0 mapped to a non-privileged ID (usually
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> -2). You should be able to determine whether sudo is located on an
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> NFS-mounted filesystem by running "df \`which sudo\`".
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#### Sudo never gives me a chance to enter a password using PAM
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It just says "Sorry, try again." three times and exits.
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> You didn't setup PAM to work with sudo. On RedHat or Fedora Linux
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> this generally means installing the sample pam.conf file as
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> /etc/pam.d/sudo. See the example pam.conf file for hints on what
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> to use for other Linux systems.
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#### Sudo says my account has expired but I know it has not
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> If you get the following error from sudo:
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Account expired or PAM config lacks an 'account' section for sudo,
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contact your system administrator`
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> double-check the `/etc/shadow` file to verify that the target user
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> (for example, root) does not have the password expiration field set.
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> A common way to disable access to an account is to set the expiration
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> date to 1, such as via `usermod -e 1`. If the account is marked as
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> expired, sudo will not allow you to access it.
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>
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> If, however, the account has not expired, it is possible that the PAM
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> configuration lacks an 'account' specification. On Linux this usually
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> means you are missing a line in /etc/pam.d/sudo similar to:
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account required pam_unix.so
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#### Sudo is configured use syslog but nothing gets logged
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> Make sure you have an entry in your syslog.conf file to save
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> the sudo messages (see the example syslog.conf file). The default
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> log facility is authpriv (changeable via configure or in sudoers).
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> Don't forget to send a SIGHUP to your syslogd so that it re-reads
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> its conf file. Also, remember that syslogd does *not* create
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> log files, you need to create the file before syslogd will log
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> to it (e.g.: touch /var/log/sudo).
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> The facility (e.g. 'auth.debug') must be separated from
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> the destination (e.g. '/var/log/auth' or '@loghost') by tabs,
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> *not* spaces. This is a common error.
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#### Sudo won't accept my password, even when entered correctly
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> If you are not using pam and your system uses shadow passwords,
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> it is possible that sudo didn't properly detect that shadow
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> passwords are in use. Take a look at the generated config.h
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> file and verify that the C function used for shadow password
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> look ups was detected. For instance, for SVR4-style shadow
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> passwords, `HAVE_GETSPNAM` should be defined (you can search for
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> the string 'shadow passwords' in config.h with your editor).
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> There is no define needed for 4.4BSD-based shadow passwords
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> which just use the standard getpw* routines.
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#### Can sudo use the ssh agent instead of asking for the user's password?
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> Not directly, but you can use a PAM module like pam_ssh_agent_auth
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> or pam_ssh for this purpose.
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#### I want to place the sudoers file in a directory other than /etc
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> Use the `--sysconfdir` option to configure. For example:
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configure --sysconfdir=/dir/you/want/sudoers/in
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> Alternately, you can set the path in the sudo.conf file as an
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> argument to the sudoers.so plugin. For example:
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Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so sudoers_file=/path/to/sudoers
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#### Can I put the sudoers file in NIS/NIS+?
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> There is no support for making an NIS/NIS+ map/table out of the sudoers
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> file at this time. You can distribute the sudoers file via rsync or rdist.
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> It is also possible to NFS-mount the sudoers file. If you use LDAP at your
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> site you may be interested in sudo's LDAP sudoers support, see
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> [README.LDAP.md](../README.LDAP.md) and the sudoers.ldap manual.
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#### I don't run sendmail, does this mean that I cannot use sudo?
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> No, you just need to disable mailing with a line like:
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Defaults !mailerpath
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> in your sudoers file or run configure with the `--without-sendmail`
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> option.
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#### How can I make visudo use a different editor?
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> You can specify the editor to use in visudo in the sudoers file.
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> See the 'editor' and 'env_editor' entries in the sudoers manual.
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> The defaults can also be set at configure time using the
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> `--with-editor` and `--with-env-editor` configure options.
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#### Why does sudo modify the command's environment?
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> By default, sudo runs commands with a new, minimal environment.
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> The 'env_keep' setting in sudoers can be used to control which
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> environment variables are preserved from the invoking user's
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> environment via the 'env_keep' setting in sudoers.
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>
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> While it is possible to disable the 'env_reset' setting, which
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> will preserve all environment variables that don't match a black
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> list, doing so is strongly discouraged. See the "Command
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> environment" section of the sudoers manual for more information.
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#### Why does sudo reset the HOME environment variable?
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> Many programs use the HOME environment variable to locate
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> configuration and data files. Often, these configuration files
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> are treated as trusted input that affects how the program operates.
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> By controlling the configuration files, a user may be able to
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> cause the program to execute other commands without sudo's
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> restrictions or logging.
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>
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> Some programs perform extra checks when the real and effective
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> user-IDs differ, but because sudo runs commands with all user-IDs
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> set to the target user, these checks are insufficient.
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>
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> While it is possible to preserve the value of the HOME environment
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> variable by adding it to the 'env_keep' list in the sudoers file,
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> doing so is strongly discouraged. Users wishing to edit files
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> with sudo should run sudoedit (or sudo -e) to get their accustomed
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> editor configuration instead of invoking the editor directly.
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#### How can I prevent sudo from asking for a password?
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> To specify this on a per-user (and per-command) basis, use the
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> 'NOPASSWD' tag right before the command list in sudoers. See
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> the sudoers man page and examples/sudoers for details. To disable
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> passwords completely, add '!authenticate' to the Defaults line
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> in /etc/sudoers. You can also turn off authentication on a
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> per-user or per-host basis using a user or host-specific Defaults
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> entry in sudoers. To hard-code the global default, you can
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> configure with the `--without-passwd` option.
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#### The configure scripts says `no acceptable cc found in $PATH`
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> /usr/ucb/cc was the only C compiler that configure could find.
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> You need to tell configure the path to the 'real' C compiler
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> via the `--with-CC option`. On Solaris, the path is probably
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> something like /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.0/bin/cc. If you have gcc
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> that will also work.
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#### The configure scripts says "config.cache exists from another platform!"
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> configure caches the results of its tests in a file called
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> config.cache to make re-running configure speedy. However,
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> if you are building sudo for a different platform the results
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> in config.cache will be wrong so you need to remove the config.cache file.
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> You can do this via `rm config.cache`, or `make realclean` to also
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> remove any object files and configure temp files that are present.
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#### When I run 'visudo' it says "sudoers file busy, try again later."
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> Someone else is currently editing the sudoers file with visudo.
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#### When I try to use 'cd' with sudo it says "cd: command not found"
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> 'cd' is a shell built-in command, you can't run it as a command
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> since a child process (sudo) cannot affect the current working
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> directory of the parent (your shell).
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#### When I try to use 'cd' with sudo nothing happens.
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> Even though 'cd' is a shell built-in command, some operating systems
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> include a /usr/bin/cd command for completeness. A standalone
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> "cd' command is totally useless since a child process (cd) cannot
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> affect the current working directory of the parent (your shell).
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> Thus, `sudo cd /foo` will start a child process, change the
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> directory and immediately exit without doing anything useful.
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#### How can I run a command via sudo as a user other than root?
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> The default user sudo tries to run things as is always root, even if
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> the invoking user can only run commands as a single, specific user.
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> This may change in the future but at the present time you have to
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> work around this using the 'runas_default' option in sudoers.
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> For example, given the following sudoers rule:
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bob ALL=(oracle) ALL
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> You can cause sudo to run all commands as 'oracle' for user 'bob'
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> with a sudoers entry like:
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Defaults:bob runas_default=oracle
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#### When I try to run sudo via ssh, I get an error:
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sudo: a terminal is required to read the password; either use the -S
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option to read from standard input or configure an askpass helper
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> If sudo needs to authenticate a user, it requires access to the user's
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> terminal to disable echo so the password is not displayed to the screen.
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> The above message indicates that no terminal was present.
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> When running a command via ssh, a terminal is not allocated by default
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> which can cause this message. The '-t' option to ssh will force it to
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> allocate a tty. Alternately, you may be able to use the ssh-askpass
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> utility to prompt for the password if X11 forwarding is enabled and an
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> askpass helper is configured in the sudo.conf file. If you do not mind
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> your password being echoed to the screen, you may use sudo's -S option
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> to read the password from the standard input. Alternately, you may set
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> the 'visiblepw' sudoers option which will allow the password to be entered
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> even when echo cannot be disabled, though this is not recommended.
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#### When I try to use SSL-enabled LDAP with sudo I get an error:
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unable to initialize SSL cert and key db: security library: bad database.
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you must set TLS_CERT in /etc/ldap.conf to use SSL
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> On systems that use a Mozilla-derived LDAP SDK there must be a
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> certificate database in place to use SSL-encrypted LDAP connections.
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> This file is usually /var/ldap/cert8.db or /etc/ldap/cert8.db.
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> The actual number after 'cert' will vary, depending on the version
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> of the LDAP SDK that is being used. If you do not have a certificate
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> database you can either copy one from a mozilla-derived browser, such
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> as firefox, or create one using the `certutil` command. You can run
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> `certutil` as follows and press the <return> (or <enter>) key at the
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> password prompt:
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# certutil -N -d /var/ldap
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> Enter a password which will be used to encrypt your keys.
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> The password should be at least 8 characters long,
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> and should contain at least one non-alphabetic character.
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Enter new password: <return>
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Re-enter password: <return>
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#### After upgrading my system, sudo_logsrvd gives the error:
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X509_verify_cert: CA cert does not include key usage extension
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> This can happen if you are using self-signed certificates that do not
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> include the key usage extension. This error can occur if the certificates
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> were generated using OpenSSL 1.x but sudo_logsrvd now uses OpenSSL 3.x,
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> for example after a system upgrade. The x509 certificate validation in
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> OpenSSL 3.x now requires that the key usage extension be present.
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> One way to address this is to disable certificate verification in
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> sudo_logsrvd by setting the _tls_verify_ key in the `[server]` section
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> to _false_. Alternately, you can simply remove your old CA and the
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> associated certificates and create a new one using an updated
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> `/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf` file. See the sudo_logsrvd manual for more
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> information on creating self-signed certificates.
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#### On HP-UX, the umask setting in sudoers has no effect.
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> If your /etc/pam.conf file has the libpam_hpsec.so.1 session module
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> enabled, you may need to a add line like the following to pam.conf:
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> sudo session required libpam_hpsec.so.1 bypass_umask
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#### When I run `sudo -i shell_alias` I get "command not found"
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> Commands run via `sudo -i` are executed by the shell in
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> non-interactive mode. The bash shell will only parse aliases in
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> interactive mode unless the 'expand_aliases' shell option is
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> set. If you add `shopt -s expand_aliases` to your .bash_profile
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> (or .profile if using that instead) the aliases should now be
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> available to `sudo -i`.
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#### When I run sudo on AIX I get the following error:
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setuidx(ID_EFFECTIVE|ID_REAL|ID_SAVED, ROOT_UID): Operation not permitted.
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> AIX's Enhanced RBAC is preventing sudo from running. To fix
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> this, add the following entry to /etc/security/privcmds (adjust
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> the path to sudo as needed) and run the setkst command as root:
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/usr/local/bin/sudo:
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accessauths = ALLOW_ALL
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innateprivs = PV_DAC_GID,PV_DAC_R,PV_DAC_UID,PV_DAC_X,PV_FS_CHOWN,PV_PROC_PRIO,PV_NET_PORT,PV_NET_CNTL,PV_SU_UID
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secflags = FSF_EPS
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#### Sudo builds without error but when I run it I get a Segmentation fault.
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> If you are on a Linux system, the first thing to try is to run
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> configure with the `--disable-pie` option, then `make clean` and
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> `make`. If that fixes the problem then your operating system
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> does not properly support position independent executables.
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> Send a message to sudo@sudo.ws with system details such as the
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> Linux distro, kernel version, and CPU architecture.
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#### When I run configure I get the following error:
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dlopen present but libtool doesn't appear to support your platform.
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> Libtool doesn't know how to support dynamic linking on the operating
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> system you are building for. If you are cross-compiling, you need to
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> specify the operating system, not just the CPU type. For example,
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> `--host powerpc-unknown-linux`
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> instead of just:
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> `--host powerpc`
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#### How do you pronounce 'sudo'?
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> The official pronunciation is soo-doo (for su 'do'). However, an
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> alternate pronunciation, a homophone of 'pseudo', is also common.
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